Flavonols present kaempferol and quercetin. Embryo chlorophyllous (1/1), or achlorophyllous (1/2) straight (spathulate or linear). Capsules when dehiscent, loculicidal (usually), or splitting irregularly, or septicidal (rarely). Embryogeny solanad.įruit non-fleshy dehiscent (usually), or indehiscent a capsule, or capsular-indehiscent. Endosperm formation cellular, or nuclear, or cellular to nuclear. Synergids sometimes with filiform apparatus. Antipodal cells formed, or not formed (then the three nuclei degenerating early - Hydrolea) when formed, 3 not proliferating ephemeral. Polar nuclei fusing prior to fertilization. to ‘many’) funicled, or sessile pendulous (when funicled) epitropous (the micropyle directed upwards and outwards) non-arillate anatropous, or amphitropous unitegmic tenuinucellate. to ‘many’) when bilocular 2–50 per locule (i.e. Ovules in the single cavity when unilocular, 2–100 (i.e. Placentation when unilocular, parietal when bilocular, axile. Stigmas dry type papillate Group II type. Styles 1, or 2 free, or partially joined attenuate from the ovary apical. Gynoecium syncarpous synovarious to synstylovarious superior (usually), or partly inferior (sometimes). Pollen grains aperturate 3 aperturate, or 5–6 aperturate colpate, or colporate, or rugate 2-celled (in 3 genera). Anthers dorsifixed versatile dehiscing via longitudinal slits introrse appendaged. Filaments variously, basally appendiculate. Stamens (4–)5(–10) inserted near the base of the corolla tube isomerous with the perianth oppositisepalous (alternating with the petals) alternating with the corolla members. Androecium exclusively of fertile stamens.
SCORPIOID CYME HYDROPHYLLACEAE FREE
Androecial members adnate (to the corolla tube, and usually with basal appendages also united to the corolla, which in Hydrophyllum form tubes leading to the nectar) all equal, or markedly unequal free of one another 1 whorled. Corolla (4–)5(–10) 1 whorled appendiculate (often having scales inside the tube, alternating with the stamens), or not appendiculate gamopetalous imbricate, or contorted rotate, or campanulate, or funnel-shaped regular blue, or purple, or white.Īndroecium (4–)5(–10) (as many as C). Epicalyx present (as appendages between the calyx lobes), or absent. Calyx (4–)5(–10) 1 whorled gamosepalous, or polysepalous (sometimes ‘lobes divided to the base’) regular imbricate. Perianth with distinct calyx and corolla (8–)10(–20) 2 whorled isomerous. Hypogynous disk absent (usually), or present. Flowers often ebracteolate regular usually 5 merous cyclic tetracyclic. Flowers aggregated in ‘inflorescences’ (usually), or solitary (rarely) in cymes. Inflorescence, floral, fruit and seed morphology.
Pollination entomophilous via hymenoptera. Xylem with tracheids, or without tracheids. Secondary thickening developing from a conventional cambial ring. Cork cambium present initially superficial. Minor leaf veins with phloem transfer cells (5 genera), or without phloem transfer cells ( Wigandia). Stomata present mainly confined to one surface, or on both surfaces anomocytic.
Leaves exstipulate without a persistent basal meristem. Lamina dissected, or entire when simple/dissected, pinnatifid pinnately veined, or palmately veined (rarely) cross-venulate. Leaves alternate, or opposite spiral petiolate not connate non-sheathing not gland-dotted without marked odour, or foetid simple, or compound when compound, pinnate, or palmate (rarely). Annual, biennial, and perennial with a basal aggregation of leaves, or with neither basal nor terminal aggregations of leaves. Herbs (usually), or shrubs (sometimes spiny) non-laticiferous and without coloured juice. Including Hydroleae ( Hydroleaceae) R.Br. Ion Transport Across Biological Membranes.Continuity and Evolution of Animal Life.